Text & Semantic Analysis Machine Learning with Python by SHAMIT BAGCHI

LSA is an information retrieval technique which analyzes and identifies the pattern in unstructured collection of text and the relationship between them. With structure I mean that we have the verb (“robbed”), which is marked with a “V” above it and a “VP” above that, which is linked with a “S” to the subject (“the thief”), which has a “NP” above it. This is like a template for a subject-verb relationship and there are many others for other types of relationships. And single qubit states \(\left| \psi _a\right\rangle\) and \(\left| \psi _b\right\rangle\) represent marginal cognitive models of text perceived through isolated conceptual distinctions A and B.

However, with the advancement of natural language processing and deep learning, translator tools can determine a user’s intent and the meaning of input words, sentences, and context. Beyond latent semantics, the use of concepts or topics found in the documents is also a common approach. The concept-based semantic exploitation is normally based on external knowledge sources (as discussed in the “External knowledge sources” section) [74, 124–128]. As an example, explicit semantic analysis [129] rely on Wikipedia to represent the documents by a concept vector. In a similar way, Spanakis et al. [125] improved hierarchical clustering quality by using a text representation based on concepts and other Wikipedia features, such as links and categories. Wimalasuriya and Dou [17], Bharathi and Venkatesan [18], and Reshadat and Feizi-Derakhshi [19] consider the use of external knowledge sources (e.g., ontology or thesaurus) in the text mining process, each one dealing with a specific task.

Kernel methods: A survey of current techniques

Although several researches have been developed in the text mining field, the processing of text semantics remains an open research problem. The field lacks secondary studies in areas that has a high number of primary studies, such as feature enrichment for a better text representation in the vector space model. We found considerable differences in numbers of studies among different languages, since 71.4% of the identified studies deal with English and Chinese. When considering semantics-concerned text mining, we believe that this lack can be filled with the development of good knowledge bases and natural language processing methods specific for these languages. Besides, the analysis of the impact of languages in semantic-concerned text mining is also an interesting open research question.

The semantic analysis process begins by studying and analyzing the dictionary definitions and meanings of individual words also referred to as lexical semantics. Following this, the relationship between words in a sentence is examined to provide clear understanding of the context. It is normally based on external knowledge sources and can also be based on machine learning methods [36, 130–133]. A systematic review is performed in order to answer a research question and must follow a defined protocol. The protocol is developed when planning the systematic review, and it is mainly composed by the research questions, the strategies and criteria for searching for primary studies, study selection, and data extraction.

Advantage of quantum theory in language modeling

Speech recognition, for example, has gotten very good and works almost flawlessly, but we still lack this kind of proficiency in natural language understanding. Your phone basically understands what you have said, but often can’t do anything with it because it doesn’t understand the meaning behind it. Also, some of the technologies out there only make you think they understand the meaning of a text. Semantic analysis is the process of understanding the meaning and interpretation of words, signs and sentence structure. I say this partly because semantic analysis is one of the toughest parts of natural language processing and it’s not fully solved yet. Semantic analysis, a natural language processing method, entails examining the meaning of words and phrases to comprehend the intended purpose of a sentence or paragraph.

Google incorporated ‘semantic analysis’ into its framework by developing its tool to understand and improve user searches. The Hummingbird algorithm was formed in 2013 and helps analyze user intentions as and when they use the google search engine. As a result of Hummingbird, results are shortlisted based on the ‘semantic’ relevance of the keywords. Besides semantic analysis of text the vector space model, there are text representations based on networks (or graphs), which can make use of some text semantic features. Network-based representations, such as bipartite networks and co-occurrence networks, can represent relationships between terms or between documents, which is not possible through the vector space model [147, 156–158].

Consider the task of text summarization which is used to create digestible chunks of information from large quantities of text. Text summarization extracts words, phrases, and sentences to form a text summary that can be more easily consumed. The accuracy of the summary depends on a machine’s ability to understand language data. However, machines first need to be trained to make sense of human language and understand the context in which words are used; otherwise, they might misinterpret the word “joke” as positive. Now that we’ve learned about how natural language processing works, it’s important to understand what it can do for businesses.

Teams can also use data on customer purchases to inform what types of products to stock up on and when to replenish inventories. With the Internet of Things and other advanced technologies compiling more data than ever, some data sets are simply too overwhelming for humans to comb through. Natural language processing can quickly process massive volumes of data, gleaning insights that may have taken weeks or even months for humans to extract. Corresponding probabilistic regularity is represented by potentiality state \(\left| \Psi \right\rangle\) as indicated in the Fig. Observable judgment or decision making records transition of a cognitive-behavioral system from state \(\left| \Psi \right\rangle\) to a new state corresponding to the option actualized.